1
Use the
lang attribute to identify the language of the page.
<html ><head><title>Welcome ... Page]</title><style>...</style>...</head>...</html> In HTML add a lang attribute containing a language code to the html tag, and in PDF set the language using Document Properties in Acrobat. This allows screen readers to pronounce words correctly.
This page has no doctype which triggers quirks mode in IE, Firefox and most other browsers. This means pages may look different in different browsers.
<html ><head><title>Welcome ... Page]</title><style>...</style>...</head>...</html>
Add a
DOCTYPE statement to the top of the document.
No meta description tag found. Use a description tag that accurately describes the contents of a web page.
<html ><head><title>Welcome ... Page]</title><style>...</style>...</head>...</html> A well-written meta description attracts more clicks in search results than
an irrelevant or missing description.
2<html>
3 <head>
4 <title>Welcome to CityLights! [Inaccessible Home Page]</title>
5 <style> #main * {
6 color: #000000;
7 font: normal 15px "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
8 text-decoration: none;
9 }
10 #main p{
11 margin: 6px 0;
12 }
13 #main a {
14 text-decoration: none;
15 color: #226C8E;
16 }
17 #main .headline {
18 margin-top: 0px;
19 color: #41545d;
20 font: 24px verdana;
21 font-family: impact;
22 text-decoration: none;
23 margin-bottom: 0px;
24 }
25 #main .subheadline {
26 padding:16px 0 6px 0;
27 color: #41545d;
28 font: 20px verdana;
29 font-family: impact;
30 text-decoration: none;
31 }
32 #content * {
33 margin: 0;
34 padding: 0;
35 }
36 #content p{
37 margin: 6px 0;
38 }
39 #content .newsbar {
40 background:
#eeeee;
41 }
42 :root #content .newsbar {
43 float: left;
44 width: 100%;
45 }
46 #content .newsheadline img {
47 float: left;
48 padding: 0;
49 margin: 0 5px 15px 0;
50 }
51 #content .newsheadline {
52 width: 135px;
53 margin-right: 5px;
54 background: #ededed;
55 padding-right: 10px;
56 vertical-align: top;
57 display: inline-block;
58 }
59 #content .newsheadline a {
60 color: black;
61 font-weight: bold;
62 background: #ededed;
63 }
64 #content .newsheadline p {
65 font-weight: bold;
66 background: #ededed;
67 }
68 * html #content .newsheadline {
69 width: 138px;
70 display: inline;
71 }
72 :root #content .newsheadline {
73 float: left;
74 width: 128px;
75 display: inline;
76 }
77 #content .image {
78 width: 135px;
79 height: 119px;
80 padding: 0 5px;
81 margin-right: 5px;
82 background: #cccccc;
83 display: inline-block;
84 }
85 * html #content .image {
86 width: 138px;
87 display: inline;
88 }
89 :root #content .image {
90 float: left;
91 width: 128px;
92 display: block;
93 display: inline;
94 }
95 #content .story {
96 width: 135px;
97 margin-right: 5px;
98 background: #ededed;
99 vertical-align: top;
100 padding: 2px 5px 5px;
101 display: inline-block;
102 }
103 #content .story span {
104 }
105 * html #content .story {
106 width: 138px;
107 display: inline;
108 }
109 :root #content .story {
110 float: left;
111 width: 128px;
112 display: inline;
113 }
114 #content .headline {
115 clear: left;
116 color: #41545d;
117 margin-top: 5px;
118 padding-top: 1em;
119 font: 24px verdana;
120 font-family: impact;
121 margin-bottom: 15px;
122 text-decoration: none;
123 }
124 #content .midwidth {
125 height: 1px;
126 }
127 #content .clear {
128 clear: left;
129 }
130 </style>
131 <link href="../css/meta.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
132
This link is broken. The page could not be found on the target web server.
Broken link: https://www.w3.org/analytics/piwik/piwik.js 404 Not Found
Fixing this depends on how the link became broken:
The link has been mistyped and should be fixed
The destination page has moved and the link should be updated
The destination page no longer exists and the link should be removed
A file has been accidentally deleted and should be replaced
<script type="text/javascript" async="" defer="" src="//www.w3.org/analytics/piwik/piwik.js"> </script><script type="text/javascript">
133 function ChangeColor(id, colour){
134 document.getElementById(id).style.backgroundColor=colour;
135 }
136 function switchImage(imgName, imgSrc){
137 if (document.images){
138 if (imgSrc != "none"){
139 document.images[imgName].src = imgSrc;
140 }
141 }
142 }
143 </script>
144 <noscript><B><FONT COLOR=RED>This page uses scripts!!!</FONT></B></noscript>
145 <script src="../js/onload.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
146 </head>
147
The
alink attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e' >...</body> The
bgcolor attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
link attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
marginheight attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
leftmargin attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
topmargin attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
marginwidth attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
text attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> The
vlink attribute on the
body element is obsolete.
Use CSS instead.
<body text='#000000' bgcolor='#d7d7cd' leftmargin='0px' topmargin='0px' marginwidth='0px' marginheight='0px' link='#226c8e' vlink='#226c8e' alink='#226c8e'>...</body> <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#D7D7CD" leftmargin="0px" topmargin="0px" marginwidth="0px" marginheight="0px" link="#226C8E" vlink="#226C8E" alink="#226C8E">
148 <div id="meta-header">
149 <p id="skipnav"><a href="#page">Skip to inaccessible demo page</a></p>
150 <p id="logos"><a href="https://www.w3.org/" title="W3C Home"><img alt="W3C logo" src="../img/w3c.png" height="48" width="72"></a><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/" title="WAI Home">
Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img alt='Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) logo' src='../img/wai.png' height='48'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
<img alt="Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) logo" src="../img/wai.png" height="48"> </a></p>
151 <h1><span class="subhead">Inaccessible Home Page</span><span class="hidden"> -</span> Before and After Demonstration</h1>
152
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 10.80pt<p class='subline'>Improving a Web site ... Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 </p>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<p class="subline"> Improving a Web site using Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0</p>
153 <div id="mnav" class="inaccessible">
154 <ul>
155 <li class="first"><a href="../Overview.html">Overview</a></li>
156 <li class="current first"><span class="hidden">Current location: </span>Home
157 <div class="subnav"><ul>
158 <li class="inaccessible"><strong>Inaccessible:</strong><a class="page current"><span class="hidden">Inaccessible </span>Home Page</a><a href="./reports/home.html" class="report"><span class="hidden">Inaccessible Home Page </span> Report</a></li>
159 <li class="accessible"><strong>Accessible:</strong><a href="../after/home.html" class="page"><span class="hidden">Accessible </span>Home Page</a><a href="../after/reports/home.html" class="report"><span class="hidden">Accessible Home Page </span> Report</a></li>
160 </ul><a href="./annotated/home.html" class="annotoggle">Show <br>Annotations</a></div>
161 </li>
162 <li><a href="news.html">News</a></li>
163 <li><a href="tickets.html">Tickets</a></li>
164 <li><a href="survey.html">Survey</a></li>
165 <li><a href="template.html">Template</a></li>
166 </ul>
167 </div>
168 </div>
169 <div id="page">
170 <p class="skip" id="startcontent">Demo starts here</p>
171
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='100%' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='#d7d7cd'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="100%" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px" bgcolor="#D7D7CD"> <tbody>
<tr valign="MIDDLE">
<td width="100%" align="CENTER">
172
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='800px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='white'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='800px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='white'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="800px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px" bgcolor="WHITE">
173 <tbody><tr height="10px">
174
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='10px' background='./img/border_left_top.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="10px" background="./img/border_left_top.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_left_top.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_left_top.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> <img src="./img/border_left_top.gif" width="10px" height="10px"> </td>
175
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='780px' background='./img/border_top.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="780px" background="./img/border_top.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_top.gif' height='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/border_top.gif' height='10px'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_top.gif' height='10px'> <img src="./img/border_top.gif" height="10px"> </td>
176
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='10px' background='./img/border_right_top.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="10px" background="./img/border_right_top.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_right_top.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_right_top.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> <img src="./img/border_right_top.gif" width="10px" height="10px"> </td>
177 </tr>
178 <tr>
179
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='10px' background='./img/border_left.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="10px" background="./img/border_left.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_left.gif' width='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/border_left.gif' width='10px'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_left.gif' width='10px'> <img src="./img/border_left.gif" width="10px"> </td>
180
<td width="780px" align="CENTER">
181
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='780px' height='144px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='white'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='780px' height='144px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='white'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="780px" height="144px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px" bgcolor="WHITE">
182 <tbody><tr height="86px">
183
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='443px' background='./img/top_logo_next.gif' valign='middle'>...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="443px" background="./img/top_logo_next.gif" valign="MIDDLE"> <div><a href="home.html"><img src="./img/top_logo.gif" width="443px" height="86px" alt="Red dot with a white letter 'C' that symbolizes a moon crescent as well as the sun. This logo is followed by a black banner that says 'CITYLIGHTS' which is the name of this online portal. Finally, the slogan of the portal, 'your access to the city', follows in a turquoise green handwriting style and with a slight slant across the top banner."></a></div></td>
184
<td width="24px" valign="MIDDLE">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/top_logo_next_end.gif' width='24px' height='86px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/top_logo_next_end.gif' width='24px' height='86px'> <img src="./img/top_logo_next_end.gif" width="24px" height="86px"> </td>
185
<td width="128px" valign="MIDDLE">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/top_weather.gif' width='128px' height='86px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/top_weather.gif' width='128px' height='86px'> <img src="./img/top_weather.gif" width="128px" height="86px"> </td>
186
<td width="22px" valign="MIDDLE">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/top_logo_next_start.gif' width='22px' height='86px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/top_logo_next_start.gif' width='22px' height='86px'> <img src="./img/top_logo_next_start.gif" width="22px" height="86px"> </td>
187
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='163px' background='./img/top_logo_next.gif' align='center' valign='middle'>...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="163px" background="./img/top_logo_next.gif" align="CENTER" valign="MIDDLE">
188
HTML form control has no accessible name.
<select onchange='location.href = ...'><option selected>...></option>...</select> A label (or name) linked to the control allows screen readers to voice the label correctly when reading the control. To add a label do one of the following:
Use a label element with the for attribute set to the ID of the form control
Wrap a label element around the form control
Add a title attribute
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
select lists cannot be operated from the keyboard if they have a
change handler that performs navigation, because the handler fires as the user moves the selection up and down using the keyboard.
<select onchange='location.href = this.value;' >...</select> Moving through list items using the arrow keys will jump to another page unexpectedly.
Use option groups when a drop down list has more than 10 items.
<select onchange='location.href = ...'><option selected>...></option>...</select> Group related options using optgroup elements.
<select onchange="location.href = this.value; ">
189 <option selected="">QUICKMENU ---->
190 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Broadcasting
191 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Education
192 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Electricity
193 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Fire service
194 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Gas service
195 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Health care
196 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Police service
197 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Public Libraries
198 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Social services
199 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Social housing
200 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Telecommunications
201 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Town planning
202 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Transportation
203 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Waste management
204 </option><option value="../offsite.html">Water services
205 </option></select>
206 </td>
207 </tr>
208 <tr height="7px">
209
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='780px' background='./img/mark.gif' colspan='5'>...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="780px" background="./img/mark.gif" colspan="5">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/mark.gif' width='158px' height='7px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/mark.gif' width='158px' height='7px'> <img src="./img/mark.gif" width="158px" height="7px"> </td>
210 </tr>
211 <tr height="25px">
212 <td colspan="5">
213
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='780px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='780px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="780px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px">
214 <tbody><tr height="25px">
215
<td bgcolor="#EDEDED" width="380px">
<font color="BLACK" face="Verdana" size="2"> <b>Traffic:</b> Construction work on Main Road</font></td>
216
<td bgcolor="#EDEDED" align="RIGHT" id="WEATHER">
<font color="BLACK" face="Verdana" size="2"> <b>Today:</b>
217
<script language="JavaScript">
218 var now = new Date();
219 var days = new Array('Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday');
220 var months = new Array('January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December');
221 var date = ((now.getDate()<10) ? "0" : "")+ now.getDate();
222 function fourdigits(number) {
223 return (number < 1000) ? number + 1900 : number;
224 }
225 today = days[now.getDay()] + " " + date + " " + months[now.getMonth()] + " " + (fourdigits(now.getYear())) + ", Sunny, 23°C </FONT>";
226 document.all.WEATHER.setAttribute("BGCOLOR", "#EDEDED", 0);
227 document.write(today);
228 </script>Saturday 07 December 2024, Sunny, 23°C </font></td>
229 </tr>
230 </tbody></table>
231 </td>
232 </tr>
233 <tr height="1px">
234
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='780px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' colspan='5'>...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="780px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif" colspan="5">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='.img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='.img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src=".img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
235 </tr>
236 <tr height="25px">
237 <td colspan="5"> </td>
238 </tr>
239 </tbody></table>
240
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='780px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='white'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='780px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='white'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="780px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px" bgcolor="WHITE">
241 <tbody><tr width="780px">
242
<td width="155px" bgcolor="#E4E4E4" valign="TOP">
243
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='155px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='155px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="155px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px">
244 <tbody><tr height="1px">
245
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='155px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="155px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
246
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='1px' background='./img/marker2_t.gif' rowspan='9' valign='top'>...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="1px" background="./img/marker2_t.gif" rowspan="9" valign="TOP">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_t.gif' width='1' height='30px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_t.gif' width='1' height='30px'> <img src="./img/marker2_t.gif" width="1" height="30px"> </td>
247 </tr>
248 <tr height="34px">
249
<td width="154px" bgcolor="#EDEDED" id="home" onmouseover="switchImage('nav_home', './img/nav_home2.gif'); ChangeColor('home','#FFF')" onmouseout="switchImage('nav_home', './img/nav_home.gif'); ChangeColor('home','#EDEDED')">
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="javascript:location.href='home.html'; " onfocus="blur();">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img name='nav_home' src='./img/nav_home.gif' width='88' height='27' hspace='15' border='0px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img name='nav_home' src='./img/nav_home.gif' width='88' height='27' hspace='15' border='0px'> <img name="nav_home" src="./img/nav_home.gif" width="88" height="27" hspace="15" border="0px"> </a></td>
250 </tr>
251 <tr height="1px">
252
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='154px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="154px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
253 </tr>
254 <tr height="34px">
255
<td width="154px" bgcolor="#EDEDED" id="news" onmouseover="switchImage('nav_news', './img/nav_news2.gif'); ChangeColor('news','#FFF')" onmouseout="switchImage('nav_news', './img/nav_news.gif'); ChangeColor('news','#EDEDED')">
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="javascript:location.href='news.html'; " onfocus="blur();">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/nav_news.gif' name='nav_news' width='90' height='21' hspace='12' border='0px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/nav_news.gif' name='nav_news' width='90' height='21' hspace='12' border='0px'> <img src="./img/nav_news.gif" name="nav_news" width="90" height="21" hspace="12" border="0px"> </a></td>
256 </tr>
257 <tr height="1px">
258
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='154px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="154px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
259 </tr>
260 <tr height="34px">
261
<td width="154px" bgcolor="#EDEDED" id="tickets" onmouseover="switchImage('nav_facts', './img/nav_facts2.gif'); ChangeColor('tickets','#FFF')" onmouseout="switchImage('nav_facts', './img/nav_facts.gif'); ChangeColor('tickets','#EDEDED')">
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="javascript:location.href='tickets.html'; " onfocus="blur();">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img name='nav_facts' src='./img/nav_facts.gif' width='105' height='23' hspace='9' border='0px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img name='nav_facts' src='./img/nav_facts.gif' width='105' height='23' hspace='9' border='0px'> <img name="nav_facts" src="./img/nav_facts.gif" width="105" height="23" hspace="9" border="0px"> </a></td>
262 </tr>
263 <tr height="1px">
264
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='154px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="154px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
265 </tr>
266 <tr height="34px">
267
<td width="154px" bgcolor="#EDEDED" id="survey" onmouseover="switchImage('nav_survey', './img/nav_survey2.gif'); ChangeColor('survey','#FFF')" onmouseout="switchImage('nav_survey', './img/nav_survey.gif'); ChangeColor('survey','#EDEDED')">
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='...;' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="javascript:location.href='survey.html'; " onfocus="blur();">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/nav_survey.gif' name='nav_survey' width='107' height='32' hspace='8' border='0px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/nav_survey.gif' name='nav_survey' width='107' height='32' hspace='8' border='0px'> <img src="./img/nav_survey.gif" name="nav_survey" width="107" height="32" hspace="8" border="0px"> </a></td>
268 </tr>
269 <tr height="1px">
270
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='154px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="154px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
271 </tr>
272 </tbody></table>
273 </td>
274
<td width="20px">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/blank_5x5.gif' width='20px' height='5px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/blank_5x5.gif' width='20px' height='5px'> <img src="./img/blank_5x5.gif" width="20px" height="5px"> </td>
275
<td width="434px" height="600px" valign="TOP" id="main">
276 <p class="headline">Welcome to CityLights</p>
277
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 11.25pt<p>Citylights is the new portal for ... tickets, and get the latest news. </p>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<p> Citylights is the new portal for visitors and residents. Find out what's on, book tickets, and get the latest news.</p>
278 <div id="content">
279 <div class="midwidth"><div></div></div>
280 <div class="newsbar">
281 <div class="newsheadline">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/headline_middle.gif' width='23' height='24' align='absmiddle'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/headline_middle.gif' width='23' height='24' align='absmiddle'> <img src="./img/headline_middle.gif" width="23" height="24" align="absmiddle">
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();' >Heat wave linked to temperatures</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="news.html" onfocus="blur(); ">Heat wave linked to temperatures</a></div>
282 <div class="newsheadline">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/headline_middle.gif' width='23' height='24' align='absmiddle'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/headline_middle.gif' width='23' height='24' align='absmiddle'> <img src="./img/headline_middle.gif" width="23" height="24" align="absmiddle">
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();' >Man Gets Nine Months in Violin Case</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="news.html" onfocus="blur(); ">Man Gets Nine Months in Violin Case</a></div>
283 <div class="newsheadline">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/headline_middle.gif' width='23' height='24' align='absmiddle'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/headline_middle.gif' width='23' height='24' align='absmiddle'> <img src="./img/headline_middle.gif" width="23" height="24" align="absmiddle">
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();' >Lack of brains hinders research</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="news.html" onfocus="blur(); ">Lack of brains hinders research</a></div>
284 <div class="clear"><div class="null"></div></div>
285 </div>
286 <div class="newsbar">
287 <div class="image" style="background: url(./img/panda-sm.jpg) center center no-repeat #cccccc" title="image"><div class="null"></div></div>
288 <div class="image" style="background: url(./img/oldenburgstudentviolin34.jpg) center center no-repeat #cccccc" title="image"><div class="null"></div></div>
289 <div class="image" style="background: url(./img/BrainInJar.jpg) center center no-repeat #cccccc;" title="image"><div class="null"></div></div>
290 <div class="clear"><div class="null"></div></div>
291 </div>
292 <div class="newsbar">
293 <div class="story">
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 11.25pt<span>After three years of effort ... heatwave was hot air from our ...</span>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<span> After three years of effort city scientists now agree that the primary cause of the 2003 heatwave was hot air from our
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="news.html" onfocus="blur(); ">
<img src="./img/morearrow.gif" width="48" height="10" alt="" border="0" onmouseover="this.src='./img/morearrow_a.gif'" onmouseout="this.src='./img/morearrow.gif'" style="vertical-align: bottom"> </a></span></div>
294 <div class="story">
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 11.25pt<span>Mayor: These kinds of crimes ... we could require compulsory ...</span>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<span> Mayor: These kinds of crimes need more creative, effective punishments. For example, we could require compulsory
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="news.html" onfocus="blur(); ">
<img src="./img/morearrow.gif" width="48" height="10" alt="" border="0" onmouseover="this.src='./img/morearrow_a.gif'" onmouseout="this.src='./img/morearrow.gif'" style="vertical-align: bottom"> </a></span></div>
295 <div class="story">
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 11.25pt<span>Brain donations: huge drop off ... Traffic, Safe Streets' policy ...</span>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<span> Brain donations: huge drop off in brain donations due to the great 'success' of 'Slow Traffic, Safe Streets' policy
Links must have an accessible name.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();'>...</a> A link name allows screen readers to voice what the links does. If there is no link content, or the link content is hidden by CSS, screen readers have nothing to read, so read out the URL instead. To add a name do one of the following:
Add text between the a element start and end tags
Add an aria-label attribute
Add an aria-labelledby attribute
Add an img alt attribute labeling the link if it contains an img element
img elements with
role=presentation or
role=none are not included in the link's accessible name.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='news.html' onfocus='blur();' >...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
<a href="news.html" onfocus="blur(); ">
<img src="./img/morearrow.gif" width="48" height="10" alt="" border="0" onmouseover="this.src='./img/morearrow_a.gif'" onmouseout="this.src='./img/morearrow.gif'" style="vertical-align: bottom"> </a></span></div>
296 </div>
297 <hr style="visibility:hidden; clear:both;">
298 <p class="subheadline">Elsewhere on the Web</p>
299
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 11.25pt<p>Please see the following websites ... advice, call the number below. <br>...</p>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<p> Please see the following websites for important information. Citylights take no responsibility for their content. For artichoke advice, call the number below.<br><br><span>
alt text should not be a meaningless image file name.
Placeholder
alt text:
bullet<img src='./img/list_bullets.gif' alt='bullet' border='0' align='absmiddle'>Change the alt text to describe the information or function represented by the image,
and for purely decorative images use alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
alt text should not contain placeholders like 'picture' or 'spacer'.
Placeholder text:
bullet <img src='./img/list_bullets.gif' alt='bullet' border='0' align='absmiddle'>For purely decorative images and spacers use
alt='', for images of text use the text, and for other images use a description of the image.
Impact on users:
JAWS : Reads out placeholder text, instead of a useful image description. NVDA : Reads out placeholder text, instead of a useful image description. VoiceOver : Reads out placeholder text, instead of a useful image description. Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/list_bullets.gif' alt='bullet' border='0' align='absmiddle'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
<img src="./img/list_bullets.gif" alt="bullet" border="0" align="absmiddle"> Killer bees.
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
5.83 with
color: background: font-size: 11.25ptfont-weight: 400<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here </a>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
Avoid specifying a new window as the target of a link with
target=_blank.
<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank' >Click here</a> Displaying new windows without warning can be very confusing to non-sighted and mobile users.
Some screen readers and mobile devices give very little indication a new tab or window has opened.
If you cannot avoid displaying a new window, insert an "opens in a new window" warning into the link text
or add the warning to the link using a title attribute or aria-describedby attribute.
Link uses non-descriptive text like 'Click Here' which doesn't explain link purpose.
Link text:
Click here <a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here </a>Screen reader users often tab from one link to the next, or use the 'Next Link' command.
Moving between links labelled 'click here' sounds like 'Click here, tab, click here, tab, click here'.
Change the link text, or add an aria-label, so the link makes sense when read without the surrounding text.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
Users should be able to quickly look at each link and tell where it goes.
Link text:
Click here<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here </a>Don't use generic link labels like "click here" or "read more" because they're hard to tell apart when users scan a page.
<a onfocus="blur(); " href="../offsite.html" target="_blank">Click here</a>.<br>
alt text should not be a meaningless image file name.
Placeholder
alt text:
bullet<img src='./img/list_bullets.gif' alt='bullet' border='0' align='absmiddle'>Change the alt text to describe the information or function represented by the image,
and for purely decorative images use alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
alt text should not contain placeholders like 'picture' or 'spacer'.
Placeholder text:
bullet <img src='./img/list_bullets.gif' alt='bullet' border='0' align='absmiddle'>For purely decorative images and spacers use
alt='', for images of text use the text, and for other images use a description of the image.
Impact on users:
JAWS : Reads out placeholder text, instead of a useful image description. NVDA : Reads out placeholder text, instead of a useful image description. VoiceOver : Reads out placeholder text, instead of a useful image description. Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/list_bullets.gif' alt='bullet' border='0' align='absmiddle'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
<img src="./img/list_bullets.gif" alt="bullet" border="0" align="absmiddle"> Onions.
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
5.83 with
color: background: font-size: 11.25ptfont-weight: 400<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here </a>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
Avoid specifying a new window as the target of a link with
target=_blank.
<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank' >Click here</a> Displaying new windows without warning can be very confusing to non-sighted and mobile users.
Some screen readers and mobile devices give very little indication a new tab or window has opened.
If you cannot avoid displaying a new window, insert an "opens in a new window" warning into the link text
or add the warning to the link using a title attribute or aria-describedby attribute.
Link uses non-descriptive text like 'Click Here' which doesn't explain link purpose.
Link text:
Click here <a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here </a>Screen reader users often tab from one link to the next, or use the 'Next Link' command.
Moving between links labelled 'click here' sounds like 'Click here, tab, click here, tab, click here'.
Change the link text, or add an aria-label, so the link makes sense when read without the surrounding text.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
Users should be able to quickly look at each link and tell where it goes.
Link text:
Click here<a onfocus='blur();' href='../offsite.html' target='_blank'>Click here </a>Don't use generic link labels like "click here" or "read more" because they're hard to tell apart when users scan a page.
<a onfocus="blur(); " href="../offsite.html" target="_blank">Click here</a>.</span><br><br><b>Artichoke advice telephone hotline: </b>
Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/telefon_white_bg.gif' alt='1234 56789' border='0' align='absmiddle'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
<img src="./img/telefon_white_bg.gif" alt="1234 56789" border="0" align="absmiddle"> </p>
300 </div>
301 </td>
302
<td width="20px">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/blank_5x5.gif' width='20px' height='5px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/blank_5x5.gif' width='20px' height='5px'> <img src="./img/blank_5x5.gif" width="20px" height="5px"> </td>
303
<td width="151px" valign="TOP">
304
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='151px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='151px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="151px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px">
305 <tbody><tr height="1px">
306
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='1px' background='./img/marker2_t.gif' rowspan='11' valign='top'>...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="1px" background="./img/marker2_t.gif" rowspan="11" valign="TOP">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_t.gif' width='1px' height='30px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_t.gif' width='1px' height='30px'> <img src="./img/marker2_t.gif" width="1px" height="30px"> </td>
307
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='151px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="151px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
308 </tr>
309 <tr height="25px">
310
<td width="150px" bgcolor="#A9B8BF">
<font color="#41545D" face="Verdana" size="2">
Ensure that text and background colors have enough contrast.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
3.88 with
color: background: font-size: 10.67ptfont-weight: 700<b>Free Penguins </b>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 3.0 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 3.0 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for all other text
<b> Free Penguins</b></font></td>
311 </tr>
312 <tr height="106px">
313
<td width="150px"> <div>
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/teaser_right1.jpg' width='150px' height='106px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/teaser_right1.jpg' width='150px' height='106px'> <img src="./img/teaser_right1.jpg" width="150px" height="106px"> </div></td>
314 </tr>
315 <tr>
316
<td width="150px">
317
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='150px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='3px'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='150px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='3px'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="150px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="3px">
318 <tbody><tr>
319 <td><div>"Free penguins" slogan at zoo benefit concert causes confusion among city rockers. Adjective or verb?<br>
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
5.83 with
color: background: font-size: 12ptfont-weight: 400<a href='tickets.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More... </a>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
Link uses non-descriptive text like 'Click Here' which doesn't explain link purpose.
Link text:
Read More... <a href='tickets.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More... </a>Screen reader users often tab from one link to the next, or use the 'Next Link' command.
Moving between links labelled 'click here' sounds like 'Click here, tab, click here, tab, click here'.
Change the link text, or add an aria-label, so the link makes sense when read without the surrounding text.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='tickets.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
Users should be able to quickly look at each link and tell where it goes.
Link text:
Read More...<a href='tickets.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More... </a>Don't use generic link labels like "click here" or "read more" because they're hard to tell apart when users scan a page.
Several links on a page share the same link text, but go to different destinations.
Link text: Read More...
Make the link text unique for each target, or add additional text using aria-label.
<a href="tickets.html" onfocus="blur(); " style="text-decoration:none;">Read More...</a></div></td>
320 </tr>
321 </tbody></table>
322 </td>
323 </tr>
324 <tr height="17px">
325 <td> </td>
326 </tr>
327 <tr height="1px">
328
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='150px' background='./img/marker2_w.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="150px" background="./img/marker2_w.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/marker2_w.gif' width='78px' height='1px'> <img src="./img/marker2_w.gif" width="78px" height="1px"> </td>
329 </tr>
330 <tr height="25px">
331
<td width="150px" bgcolor="#A9B8BF">
<font color="#41545D" face="Verdana" size="2">
Ensure that text and background colors have enough contrast.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
3.88 with
color: background: font-size: 10.67ptfont-weight: 700<b>More City Parks </b>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 3.0 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 3.0 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for all other text
<b> More City Parks</b></font></td>
332 </tr>
333 <tr height="154px">
334
<td width="150px">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/teaser_right2.jpg' width='150px' height='154px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/teaser_right2.jpg' width='150px' height='154px'> <img src="./img/teaser_right2.jpg" width="150px" height="154px"> </td>
335 </tr>
336 <tr>
337
<td width="150px">
338
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='150px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='3px'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='150px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='3px'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="150px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="3px">
339 <tbody><tr>
340 <td>More parks and more green throughout the city at the price of already rare car parking spaces, how will this affect you?<br>
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
5.83 with
color: background: font-size: 12ptfont-weight: 400<a href='survey.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More... </a>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
Link uses non-descriptive text like 'Click Here' which doesn't explain link purpose.
Link text:
Read More... <a href='survey.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More... </a>Screen reader users often tab from one link to the next, or use the 'Next Link' command.
Moving between links labelled 'click here' sounds like 'Click here, tab, click here, tab, click here'.
Change the link text, or add an aria-label, so the link makes sense when read without the surrounding text.
This field removes focus when tabbed to making it impossible for disabled users to navigate this form via the keyboard.
<a href='survey.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More...</a> Using blur() in an onfocus handler makes the form impossible to use with a keyboard. Remove the call to blur() in the onfocus handler.
Users should be able to quickly look at each link and tell where it goes.
Link text:
Read More...<a href='survey.html' onfocus='blur();' style='...'>Read More... </a>Don't use generic link labels like "click here" or "read more" because they're hard to tell apart when users scan a page.
Several links on a page share the same link text, but go to different destinations.
Link text: Read More...
Make the link text unique for each target, or add additional text using aria-label.
<a href="survey.html" onfocus="blur(); " style="text-decoration:none;">Read More...</a></td>
341 </tr>
342 </tbody></table>
343 </td>
344 </tr>
345 </tbody></table>
346 </td>
347 </tr>
348 </tbody></table>
349
This page uses nested tables, which do not make sense when read in a screen reader.
<table width='780px' height='17px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='#ededed'>...</table> Add role='presentation' if the inner table is a layout table, otherwise modify the inner table to present the same data without nesting tables.
Identify row and column headers in data tables using
th elements, and mark layout tables with
role=presentation.
<table width='780px' height='17px' border='0px' cellspacing='0px' cellpadding='0px' bgcolor='#ededed'>...</table> Data tables allow screen reader users to understand column and row relationships.
Layout tables read cells as a series of unrelated paragraphs with no tabular structure.
Without
th or
role, screen readers apply heuristics to decide whether a table is a layout table or data table.
These heuristics vary greatly between screen readers, and are affected by browser being used, window size,
and font size (so the outcome is very unpredictable without
th or
role).
If a data table has headers marked up using
td, then change these to
th.
If a data table has no headers, add
th elements describing each row and/or column.
If the table is only used for layout add
role=presentation to the
table element.
Impact on users:
JAWS Reading: Treats tables without th and role as layout tables if the table contains cells above or below certain pixel sizes. This measurement is affected by browser window size, browser font size, and the browser used. NVDA Reading: Applies a layout table heuristic to tables without th and role which varies depending on the browser used and on the window size in some circumstances. VoiceOver Reading: Uses a sophisticated heuristic on tables without th and role, which is similar (but not identical) to the heuristic used by NVDA with Firefox. <table width="780px" height="17px" border="0px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="0px" bgcolor="#EDEDED">
350 <tbody><tr height="17px">
351
<td align="RIGHT">
<font color="BLACK" face="Verdana" size="1">
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
4.98 with
color: background: font-size: 9ptfont-weight: 400<a rel='copyright' href='...t'>Copyright </a>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
<a rel="Copyright" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"> Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="https://www.w3.org/">
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
4.98 with
color: background: font-size: 9ptfont-weight: 400<acronym title='World Wide Web Consortium'>W3C </acronym>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"> W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/">
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
4.98 with
color: background: font-size: 9ptfont-weight: 400<acronym title='Massachusetts Institute of Technology'>MIT </acronym>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology"> MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/">
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
4.98 with
color: background: font-size: 9ptfont-weight: 400<acronym title='European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics'>ERCIM </acronym>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics"> ERCIM</acronym></a>,
Ensure that text and background colors have a 7:1 contrast ratio.
The text color to background color contrast ratio after composition is:
4.98 with
color: background: font-size: 9ptfont-weight: 400<a href='http://www.keio.ac.jp/'>Keio </a>Some users find it hard to read light gray text on a white background, dark gray text on a black background and white text on a red background.
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 18 point text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 4.5 or more for 14 point bold text, or larger
The contrast ratio should be 7.0 or more for all other text
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/"> Keio</a>)</font></td>
352 </tr>
353 </tbody></table>
354 <!--// END FOOTER AREA //-->
355 </td>
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='10px' background='./img/border_right.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="10px" background="./img/border_right.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_right.gif' width='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/border_right.gif' width='10px'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_right.gif' width='10px'> <img src="./img/border_right.gif" width="10px"> </td>
356 </tr>
357 <tr height="10px">
358
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='10px' height='10px' background='./img/border_bottom_left.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="10px" height="10px" background="./img/border_bottom_left.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_bottom_left.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_bottom_left.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> <img src="./img/border_bottom_left.gif" width="10px" height="10px"> </td>
359
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='780px' height='10px' background='./img/border_bottom.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="780px" height="10px" background="./img/border_bottom.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_bottom.gif' height='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. Omitting
img width or
height attributes makes the page layout jump about as images load.
<img src='./img/border_bottom.gif' height='10px'> This makes the page very hard to read or click while it's loading.
Fix by adding width and height attributes to the img tag matching the image dimensions.
In responsive layouts, specifying width and height prevents layout jumping because the browser can
pre-calculate the final image size when CSS like this is used:
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto }
An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_bottom.gif' height='10px'> <img src="./img/border_bottom.gif" height="10px"> </td>
360
Use background images sparingly and make sure they are simple, especially behind text.
<td width='10px' height='10px' background='./img/border_bottom_right.gif' >...</td> Background images can make it difficult for users to read foreground text. A single, large, complex background image (including a picture) can substantially slow page download rates.
<td width="10px" height="10px" background="./img/border_bottom_right.gif">
img elements must have an accessible name.
<img src='./img/border_bottom_right.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> Add an
alt attribute describing the image, which screen readers voice instead of the image.
Spacer images and purely decorative images should use
alt="" without any global ARIA attributes.
Do not use
alt text containing only spaces since that's voiced as an unlabeled image.
Impact on users:
NVDA 2024.4 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. NVDA 2024.4 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Chrome 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 FF 128 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. JAWS 2024.2409.2 Edge 131 Windows 10 Reading: Image ignored. VoiceOver macOS 14.6 Safari 17.6 macOS 14.6.1 Reading: Image filename read out. VoiceOver iOS 17.7 Safari iOS 17.7 iOS 17.7.2 Touch: Image filename read out, along with OCR text from image. An
img element must have an
alt attribute, except under certain
conditions. For details, consult guidance on
providing text alternatives for images.
<img src='./img/border_bottom_right.gif' width='10px' height='10px'> <img src="./img/border_bottom_right.gif" width="10px" height="10px"> </td>
361 </tr>
362 </tbody></table>
363 </td></tr></tbody></table>
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366 <hr>
367 <p><strong>Status:</strong> 20 February 2012 (see <a href="../changelog.html">changelog</a>) <br>Editors: <a href="https://www.w3.org/People/shadi/">Shadi Abou-Zahra</a> and the
Use at least a 12-point font on all web pages.
font-size: 10.80pt<a href='https://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/'>Education and ... Group (EOWG) </a>
For users over age 65, it may be better to use at least fourteen-point fonts.
Never use less than nine-point font on a Web site.
The following are all smaller than 12 point:
<p style="font-size: 11pt;" >
<p style="font-size: 15px;" >
<p style="font-size: small;" >
<font size="2" >
<font size="-1" >
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/EO/"> Education and Outreach Working Group (EOWG)</a>. <br>Developed with support from <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/TIES/">
The
acronym element is obsolete. Use the
abbr element instead.
<acronym title='Web Accessibility Initiative: Training, Implementation, Education, Support'>WAI-TIES</acronym> <acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative: Training, Implementation, Education, Support"> WAI-TIES</acronym></a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/WAI-AGE/">
<acronym title="Web Accessibility Initiative: Ageing Education and Harmonisation"> WAI-AGE</acronym></a> projects, co-funded by the European Commission
<acronym title="Information Society Technologies"> IST</acronym> Programme. [see <a href="../acks.html">Acknowledgements</a>]</p>
368 <p>[
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/sitemap.html" shape="rect"> WAI Site Map</a>] [
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/sitehelp.html" shape="rect"> Help with WAI Website</a>] [
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/search.php" shape="rect"> Search</a>] [
<a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/contacts" shape="rect"> Contacting WAI</a>] <br><strong>Feedback welcome to
The
shape attribute on the
a element is obsolete.
For image maps, use the
area element instead of the
a element.
<a href='mailto:wai-eo-editors@w3.org' shape='rect' >wai-eo-editors@w3.org</a> <a href="mailto:wai-eo-editors@w3.org" shape="rect"> wai-eo-editors@w3.org</a></strong> (a publicly archived list) or
<a href="mailto:wai@w3.org" shape="rect"> wai@w3.org</a> (a WAI staff-only list).</p>
369 <div class="copyright"><p><a rel="Copyright" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2012 <a href="https://www.w3.org/">
<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium"> W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/">
<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology"> MIT</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.org/">
<acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics"> ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>, <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>, <a rel="Copyright" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> and <a rel="Copyright" href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software licensing</a> rules apply. Your interactions with this site are in accordance with our <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/privacy-statement#Public">public</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/privacy-statement#Members">Member</a> privacy statements.</p></div>
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Issues: